Shikoku Pilgrimage (88 Temples)
Shikoku Pilgrimage (88 Temples) Guide: Complete Trail Information for Japan’s Legendary Pilgrimage Route
Embark on a journey of spiritual discovery and natural beauty along the Shikoku Pilgrimage (88 Temples), one of Japan’s most iconic and historic long-distance trails. Winding its way around the lush island of Shikoku, this legendary route passes through verdant forests, serene coastal stretches, rustic villages, and bustling urban centers, offering a captivating blend of landscapes. Hikers follow in the footsteps of countless pilgrims, traversing ancient mountain paths, stone-paved lanes, and forested tracks while stopping to visit the ornate temples and sacred sites that have drawn travelers for over a thousand years.
From the tranquil shores where the sound of waves mingles with birdsong, to the misty uplands where the air is thick with pine scent and history, the Shikoku Pilgrimage promises a soulful adventure. Whether you walk the whole circuit or choose select temple sections, expect a profound connection with Japanese culture, centuries-old spiritual tradition, and the ever-changing charms of Shikoku's countryside.
Route Overview
The Shikoku Pilgrimage is a point-to-point route starting at Ryozenji (Temple 1) in Tokushima Prefecture and concluding at Okubo-ji (Temple 88) in Kagawa Prefecture. The traditional circuit leads hikers clockwise around the entire island of Shikoku, traversing the four main prefectures: Tokushima, Kochi, Ehime, and Kagawa. Along the way, the trail weaves through cities such as Naruto, Kochi, Matsuyama, and Takamatsu, as well as rural villages, mountainous zones, and coastal regions.
The full journey covers approximately 1,200 kilometers and typically takes 40 days to complete on foot, though durations vary depending on pace and chosen route variations. The trail consists of a mix of paved roads, dirt tracks, gravel paths, and rocky ascents, with gradients ranging from flat urban sections to strenuous mountain passes. Key highlights along the way include both coastal headlands and interior uplands, with total elevation gain nearing 10,000 meters.
Although the route is well established, conditions fluctuate depending on geography. Urban areas offer frequent rest stops, shops, and wayfinding signage, while remote and forested stretches require hikers to be more self-sufficient and prepared for limited facilities. The trail is marked in many places, but navigation aids such as guidebooks or GPS are advised for less obvious sections. Frequent accommodation options including hotels, lodges, hostels, and campsites make journey planning flexible, and supply points are readily available in most towns.
History and Origins of the Shikoku Pilgrimage
The Shikoku Pilgrimage, also known as Shikoku Henro, traces its origins to the revered Buddhist monk Kūkai (also called Kōbō Daishi), who was born on Shikoku in 774 CE and later founded the Shingon school of Buddhism. According to legend, Kūkai traveled extensively around Shikoku during his life, and his spiritual journeys established the pattern for the pilgrimage route. The trail connects 88 official temples, each representing a stage of spiritual progression, and is deeply rooted in Japanese religious history.
Over the centuries, the Shikoku Pilgrimage evolved from a strictly religious undertaking to a transformative journey welcoming people from all backgrounds. Historically, pilgrims—known as ohenro-san—donned white robes, conical hats, and carried walking sticks, seeking both physical endurance and spiritual fulfillment. Temples along the route often bear marks of historical events, from imperial donations to war-torn reconstructions, revealing Japan’s resilience and evolving spiritual landscape.
Today, the pilgrimage is a symbol of reflection, penance, and cultural heritage, drawing thousands of walkers annually. It intersects with local festivals, legends, and folk customs, offering a unique window into Japan’s intertwining of faith, tradition, and everyday life.
Notable highlights
Ryozenji (Temple 1): The traditional starting point of the pilgrimage, Ryozenji greets visitors with ornate gates, tranquil gardens, and opportunities to gather pilgrimage supplies and blessings before setting out.
Konsen-ji (Temple 3): Nestled in the lush countryside, this temple is known for its scenic bridges and koi ponds, offering a peaceful early stop that sets the tone for the trail’s rural charm.
Shosan-ji (Temple 12): One of the most challenging climbs on the route, Shosan-ji is located atop a steep mountain. The dense forests and misty vistas reward hikers with solitude and spiritual atmosphere.
Kochi Castle (near Temple 31, Chikurin-ji): Step off the pilgrimage path to visit one of Japan’s rare original castles, offering panoramic city views and a glimpse into feudal history.
Cape Muroto (near Temple 24, Hotsumisaki-ji): This dramatic coastal landmark is renowned for its windswept scenery, striking cliffs, and the lighthouse marking the edge of Shikoku.
Matsuyama (near Temple 51, Ishite-ji): A lively city along the trail, Matsuyama features the famous Dogo Onsen hot springs, Matsuyama Castle, and a vibrant blend of urban and pilgrimage culture.
Unpen-ji (Temple 66): The highest altitude temple on the pilgrimage, Unpen-ji is perched in the mountains, often enveloped in mist and commanding breathtaking views over the valleys below.
Yakuri-ji (Temple 85): Overlooking Takamatsu city, this temple is reached via a picturesque cable car ride and is known for its peaceful woodland setting and panoramic vistas.
Okubo-ji (Temple 88): The final stop of the pilgrimage, marking the completion of the spiritual and physical journey, famed for its atmospheric grounds and the tradition of leaving one’s walking stick in gratitude.
Challenges to expect
Tackling the entire Shikoku Pilgrimage is a formidable endeavor, with hikers facing a variety of terrain and physical demands. Many stretches traverse remote mountain paths, such as the ascent to Shosan-ji (Temple 12) or the climb to Unpen-ji (Temple 66), which require significant stamina and can be steep, rocky, and slippery—particularly after rain. Descending into rural valleys and navigating through forested areas, hikers may encounter muddy tracks, uneven surfaces, or erosion.
Weather on Shikoku can be unpredictable, especially during spring and autumn. While these are the optimal seasons, sudden rainfall is common, bringing slippery conditions and making advance preparation with waterproof gear essential. Summer brings the risk of sweltering heat, high humidity, and even typhoons, while winter can result in cold temperatures and occasional snow at higher elevations.
Navigation presents its own challenge, as some sections are poorly marked—particularly in rural or forested stretches. While larger temples and urban areas provide clear signs in Japanese (and sometimes English), less trafficked segments may leave hikers relying on guidebooks, GPS, or asking locals for help. The sheer length of the route, often exceeding 1,200 kilometers, demands consistent endurance and planning for logistics such as accommodation, water, and food resupply.
Japan - Mountainous
- Forest
- Coastal
- Urban
- Paved
- Gravel
- Dirt
- Rocky
- Hotels
- Lodges
- Hostels
- Campsites
- Wild camping spots
- Family Friendly
- Pet Friendly
- Restrooms
- Water Sources
- Campsites
- Shelters
Start at the traditional beginning of the pilgrimage at Ryozenji (Temple 1) in Tokushima Prefecture. Pass through fields and quiet neighborhoods, visiting multiple temples including Gokurakuji (Temple 2), Konsenji (Temple 3), and Dainichiji (Temple 4) before reaching Anrakuji (Temple 6). The terrain is mostly flat with some gentle hills.
Leave Anrakuji behind and continue through rural landscapes, passing several smaller temples before making a significant ascent to Shosanji (Temple 12), your first major mountain climb. Expect a blend of forests and steep winding paths.
Descend from Shosanji through forest trails and farmland. This section includes peaceful valleys, small shrines, and an abundance of natural scenery as you approach Kamojinja.
The pilgrimage turns south, following rural lanes and eventually reaching coastal scenery en route to Hiwasa. Highlights include Yakuoji (Temple 23) and stretches of sandy beach.
Continue tracing the Pacific coast. Walk through fishing villages, past rocky coves, and enjoy frequent sea views as you make your way to Mugi.
Head through quieter, remote stretches of coast with rolling hills on one side and the ocean on the other. Few services exist here, making it a peaceful yet isolated section.
Arrive at Cape Muroto, the site of Hotsumisakiji (Temple 24) and stunning coastal views. Walk along dramatic cliffs and experience one of the pilgrimage's most iconic horizons.
Follow the scenic Pacific coast to Nahari, a section marked by seaside villages, expansive beaches, and easy flat roads.
Travel further along rural backroads with the sea within sight. Visit quiet local temples and pass rice paddies and bamboo groves on the way to Yasuda.
Continue through lush countryside and approach the small city of Aki, with more inland walking and local cultural sites accessible along the route.
Walk into the urban heart of Kochi, one of Shikoku's key cities. Visit notable temples such as Chikurinji (Temple 31) and take advantage of city amenities.
Move northwest, leaving Kochi and passing riverside walks and quiet tea plantations. This day is marked by transitions from urban to rural surroundings.
Hike upstream along river valleys, with forested hills and rice fields as your backdrop. Small farming villages offer occasional respite.
Walk through rural stretches characterized by bridges and lovely views. Arrive at Kubokawa, a traditional waypoint with welcoming accommodations.
Travel further into Kochi’s southwest, with mountain vistas, gentle valleys, and access to smaller temples and hamlets.
Cross into Ehime Prefecture. Experience varied landscapes of rolling hills and riverways before entering Uwajima, known for its castle and regional delicacies.
Hike through Ehime’s agricultural heartland, passing by temples and settlements famous for their citrus fruit. The route features occasional gentle hills.
Enjoy an easier day through river valleys and farmlands, ending in historic Ozu—an old town on the banks of the Hiji river with a preserved castle.
The pilgrimage heads further northeast, crossing through countryside dotted by traditional houses, with a gentle climb into Uchiko, renowned for traditional architecture.
Walk across the fertile plains and into Matsuyama, capital of Ehime and site of Ishiteji (Temple 51). Pass through orchards and lively suburban neighborhoods.
Spend a day experiencing Matsuyama’s pilgrimage circuit, visiting multiple temples and enjoying local sights including Dogo Onsen and Matsuyama Castle.
Leave the city, heading north through fields, orchard-lined lanes, and small fishing hamlets by the Seto Inland Sea until you reach Hojo.
Coastal walking dominates the day. Approach the industrial city of Imabari, best known for its historic castle and as the starting point of the Shimanami Kaido cycle route.
Follow the Seto Inland Sea’s coast, passing small villages, beaches, and visiting lesser-known temples before arriving at the city of Saijo.
Move east to Niihama, combining semi-rural, industrial, and urban landscapes while passing several temples and shrines.
The path ventures inland across farming regions, hilly forests, and through quiet hamlets. Birdsong and river views provide a tranquil ambiance.
Combine valley walks and gentle foothill ascents, with glimpses of traditional architecture as you make your way to the riverside town of Kawanoe.
Enter Kagawa Prefecture and witness a change to drier terrain. Kan-onji offers a pleasant temple town atmosphere and connection to ancient pilgrimage customs.
Walk across the flat rice country of northern Kagawa, with easy-going roads, scattered temples, and tranquil scenery before entering Mitoyo.
Arrive at Zentsuji—the birthplace of Kobo Daishi. The walk is straightforward, on quiet roads with gentle terrain and much spiritual significance.
Head east through small temple towns, modern neighborhoods, and charming city parks before resting in Marugame, famed for its castle.
Walk along the Kagawa coastline, passing local markets, shrines, and enjoying regional cuisine such as Sanuki udon on your way to Tadotsu.
Head north toward the city of Sakaide, with frequent views of the Seto Inland Sea. Temples and city parks provide rest points and cultural interest.
Make your way to Takamatsu, Kagawa's energetic capital, with pilgrimage temples and renowned sites such as Ritsurin Garden. Urban amenities abound.
Take a loop day within Takamatsu, visiting urban temples and journeying by cable car to Yakuriji (Temple 85) for scenic city views.
Follow quiet rural roads eastward, passing fertile fields and small shrines on the route to Sanuki city. Enjoy tranquil scenery and simple countryside living.
Walk south through agricultural villages to Miki. Pass rice paddies, woodlands, and small family-run farm shops along the way.
Head across rural Kagawa, stopping at tranquil temples and small villages. Higashikagawa is famous for handmade udon and serene surroundings.
The route follows the northern edge of Shikoku with flat terrain, broad plains, and glimpses of distant mountains as you near the circuit's completion.
Your final stage! Climb through wooded foothills and tranquil lanes to reach Okubo-ji (Temple 88), the completion point of the Shikoku Pilgrimage. Pause to reflect and celebrate this deep journey.